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%see also a67

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\bigskip
\noindent
{\bf  APPENDIX A.} 
Introduction to the TOPS-20 System at LOTS.

How to do some common tasks at LOTS.

Notation:  A {\tt CTRL/C}
 means you should hold down the {\tt CTRL} (pronounced control) key
on the keyboard while typing the letter~{\tt C}.
The $\esc$ sign means the {\tt ESC} (pronounced escape) key.
The $\return$ symbol is the {\tt RETURN} key.
Underlined characters are the ones you type; you may sometimes
have to wait for the others to be automatically printed by the computer.

\bigskip

\outlineone $\bullet$:
To log in:
\outlinetwo{}:
{\tt CTRL/C}
\outlinetwo{}:
{\tt system messages}
\outlinetwo{}:
@\undertext{{\tt LOGIN} $\esc$ {\sl user-name\/} $\esc$ {\sl password\/} $\return$}
\outlinetwo $\Rightarrow$:
{\sl user-name\/} is your name as known to the system.
\outlinetwo $\Rightarrow$:
{\sl password\/} is your password.
\outlineone $\bullet$:
To log out:
\outlinetwo{}:
@\undertext{{\tt LOGOUT} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
{\tt system messages}
\outlineone $\bullet$:
To delete a partially typed line:
\outlinetwo{}:
\undertext{\tt CTRL/U}
\outlineone $\bullet$:
To delete the last character you typed:
\outlinetwo{}:
\undertext{\tt BACK SPACE}  or \undertext{\tt DEL} or 
\undertext{\tt RUB}, depending on your keyboard
\outlineone $\bullet$:
To type in a Pascal program or other material as a new file:
\outlinetwo{}:
@\undertext{{\tt CREATE} $\esc$ {\sl file\/} $\return$}
\outlinetwo $\Rightarrow$:
{\sl file\/} is your file name
\outlinetwo $\Rightarrow$:
The system will echo your file name and then accept your text
\outlinetwo{}:
{\tt 00100} \undertext{{\sl your first line\/} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
{\tt 00200} \undertext{{\sl your second line\/} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
.
\outlinetwo{}:
.
\outlinetwo{}:
.
\outlinetwo{}:
line number \undertext{{\sl your last line\/} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
line number \undertext{$\esc$}
\outlinetwo{}:
*\undertext{{\tt E} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
@
\outlineone $\bullet$:
To scrap the whole thing in the middle and start over, use the
{\tt EQ} command to exit instead of the {\tt E} command.  That is:
\outlinetwo{}:
line number \undertext{{\sl your last line\/} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
line number \undertext{$\esc$}
\outlinetwo{}:
*\undertext{{\tt EQ} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
@\undertext{\tt CREATE} {\sl etc.\/}

\vfill\eject

\outlineone $\bullet$:
To run a Pascal program (its name should end in .PGO)
\outlinetwo{}:
@\undertext{{\tt EXECUTE} $\esc$ {\sl file\/} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
{\tt system messages}
\outlinetwo{}:
{\tt output from your program}
\outlinetwo{}:
{\tt system messages about termination of your program}
\outlinetwo{}:
@
\outlineone $\bullet$:
To stop your program while it is running:
\outlinetwo{}:
\undertext{\tt CTRL/C CTRL/C}
\outlinetwo{}:
@
\outlineone $\bullet$:
To correct or change a program that has been filed, e.g. by a previous CREATE:
\outlinetwo{}:
@\undertext{{\tt EDIT} $\esc$ {\sl file\/} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
{\tt editing commands -- see summary below}
\outlinetwo{}:
*\undertext{{\tt E} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
@
\outlineone $\bullet$:
To get a printed copy of a file:
\outlinetwo{}:
@\undertext{{\tt PRINT} $\esc$ {\sl file\/} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
system echo
\outlineone $\bullet$:
To read a file:
\outlinetwo{}:
@\undertext {{\tt TYPE} $\esc$ {\sl file\/} $\return$}
\outlineone $\bullet$:
To move forward through a file you are reading:
\outlinetwo{}:
\undertext{\tt CTRL/Q}
\outlineone $\bullet$:
Summary of things to say to EDIT:
\outlinetwo $\Rightarrow$:
To see a particular line (or lines) of the file you are editing:
\outlinetwo{}:
*\undertext{{\tt P} {\sl line number\/} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
{\tt the line having that number}
\outlinetwo{}:
*

\smallskip\noindent
(Note:  For more than one line, use the first and last line numbers, with a 
colon between them.)

\smallskip
\outlinetwo $\Rightarrow$:
To insert a line between existing lines, using an intermediate line number:
\outlinetwo{}:
*\undertext{{\tt I} {\sl line number\/} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
{\tt line number} \undertext{{\sl your new line\/}}
\outlinetwo{}:
*
\outlinetwo $\Rightarrow$:
To delete one or more lines of the file:
\outlinetwo{}:
*\undertext{{\tt D} {\sl line number(s)\/} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
{\tt system echo}
\outlinetwo{}:
*

\vfill\eject

\outlinetwo $\Rightarrow$:
To replace a line of the file with a new one:
\outlinetwo{}:
*\undertext{{\tt R} {\sl line number\/} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
{\tt line number} \undertext{{\sl your new line\/}}
\outlinetwo{}:
{\tt system echo}
\outlinetwo{}:
*
\outlinetwo $\Rightarrow$:
To change ``apple'' to ``banana'' in a line of your file:
\outlinetwo{}:
*\undertext{{\tt Sapple} $\esc$ {\tt banana} $\esc$ {\sl line number\/} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
{\tt line number \quad the line as modified}
\outlinetwo{}:
*
\outlinetwo $\Rightarrow$:
To save the edited file and return to talking to TOPS 20:
\outlinetwo{}:
*\undertext{{\tt E} $\return$}
\outlinetwo{}:
@



\bigskip
\parindent0pt
\copyright 1984 Robert W. Floyd

First draft (not published) January 1, l980; subsequently revised.

\end